Biology Calculators

Complement, reverse complement, GC% and base composition for a DNA sequence.

Transcribe DNA to RNA and get base composition.

Estimate protein MW from residue count (avg. 110 Da/residue).

Amino acid composition and counts for a protein sequence.

Split a DNA/RNA sequence into codons and check frame completeness.

Monohybrid cross genotype ratios from two parent genotypes.

Classic Punnett square cross for a single gene.

Hardy-Weinberg allele and genotype frequencies from q.

Hardy-Weinberg genotype frequencies from allele frequency p.

Dominant vs recessive phenotype frequency under Hardy-Weinberg.

p²+2pq+q²=1 equilibrium breakdown from allele frequency.

Exponential population growth N(t) = N0*e^(rt).

Population growth with a carrying capacity K.

Unrestricted exponential growth N(t) = N0*e^(rt).

Doubling time from growth rate: ln(2)/r.

Bacterial generation time from population change over time.

Hemocytometer cell count: cells/mL from count and dilution.

Cell concentration from total count and volume.

Percent viability from live and dead cell counts.

PCR product amplification: copies = initial x (1+E)^cycles.

qPCR relative fold-change from Ct values and efficiency.

GC% = (G+C) / total bases x 100 for a DNA sequence.

Wallace rule Tm for short primers/sequences.

Wallace rule primer Tm = 2(A+T) + 4(G+C), for primers < 14nt.

dsDNA molecular weight = bp x 650 g/mol/bp.

RNA molecular weight = nt x 320.5 + 159 g/mol.

Convert DNA ng/uL concentration and MW to nM.

Convert RNA ng/uL concentration and MW to nM.

DNA molecule count from mass and fragment length.

Plasmid molecule count from mass and plasmid length.

TE (cfu/ug) from colonies, DNA mass, and fraction plated.